Philip Maxwell Ruddock (born 1943) is an Australian politician who was a Liberal Member of the House of Representatives from 1973 to 2016. First elected in a 1973 by-election, by the time of his retirement he was the last parliamentary survivor of the Whitlam and Fraser Governments. He was both the Father of the House and the Father of the Parliament from 1998 until his retirement. He is the second longest serving parliamentarian in the history of the Australian Parliament. Philip Ruddock served continuously in federal ministry and cabinet during the Howard Government, as Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs from 1996 to 2003 and then as Attorney-General from 2003 to 2007. He also served as Minister for Indigenous Affairs and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Reconciliation. In February 2016 Philip Ruddock announced his retirement from politics and was appointed Australia’s Special Envoy for Human Rights.